The cash debt cycle
The old way — high interest, high uncertainty
High-interest cash loans
Farmers take costly cash loans to buy inputs. Informal rates are often extreme—60% or more is common in many markets—before a single bag of fertilizer is opened.
Planting & harvest
Under cash stress, the harvest is often small or average—the field carries most of the risk while repayment clocks keep ticking.
High input costs
Seed, fertilizer, and logistics consume scarce cash before the crop is sold—leaving little buffer when prices dip at harvest.
Struggle to repay cash
Farmers face empty pockets trying to pay back in cash. Unable to comfortably buy next season’s inputs, the cycle continues.